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Air pollution damages materials, but it has changed dramatically in the past century, with a reduction in the concentration of corrosive primary pollutants in urban atmospheres. At the same time, architectural styles and types of materials have changed, as we have moved to more organically rich, photochemically active atmospheres. Contemporary air pollutants have the potential to degrade organic coatings and polymers, which are of great importance to modern structures, while increasing amounts of fine diesel soot spoil the simple lines and smooth areas characteristic of many modern buildings

Air --- Weathering of buildings. --- Building materials --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials --- Building deterioration, External --- Building weathering --- Deterioration of buildings, External --- Exterior walls --- Atmosphere --- Pollution --- Environmental aspects. --- Deterioration. --- Weathering --- Protection --- Luchtverontreiniging

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Weathering of buildings --- Service life (Engineering) --- Product life cycle. --- Life cycle, Product --- Manufactures --- Marketing --- Product management --- Life, Service (Engineering) --- Operating life (Engineering) --- Reliability (Engineering) --- Economic life of fixed assets --- Maintenance --- Building deterioration, External --- Building weathering --- Buildings --- Deterioration of buildings, External --- Exterior walls --- Computer simulation. --- Life cycle --- Weathering --- Protection

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Buildings --- Weathering of buildings. --- 69.059 --- Building deterioration, External --- Building weathering --- Deterioration of buildings, External --- Exterior walls --- Building damage prevention --- Building protection --- Protection of buildings --- Building failures --- Protection. --- Maintenance of buildings. Damage. Collapse. Dilapidation. Repair. Strengthening. Conversion. Displacement. Reconstruction --- Weathering --- Protection --- Damage prevention --- Defects --- Repair and reconstruction --- Building failures. --- Defects. --- Repair and reconstruction. --- 69.059 Maintenance of buildings. Damage. Collapse. Dilapidation. Repair. Strengthening. Conversion. Displacement. Reconstruction --- Building reconstruction --- Building renovation --- Building repair --- Reconstruction of buildings --- Remodeling of buildings --- Renovation of buildings --- Maintenance --- Repairing --- Architecture --- Edifices --- Halls --- Structures --- Collapse of buildings --- Building --- Disasters --- Structural failures --- Reconstruction --- Remodeling --- Renovation --- Conservation and restoration --- Accidents --- Built environment

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This book examines the impact of air pollution on cultural heritage materials, which is a serious concern because it can lead to loss of important parts of our history and culture. Damage includes corrosion, bio-degradation and soiling. In recent years, there have been major changes in both the sources and amounts of emissions of air pollution that have altered the rate and extent of building damage. The book reviews the sources of the air pollutants responsible for building damage and the mechanisms involved. Studies investigating the relationships between pollution concentration (dose) and the resulting damage (response) are described and the latest research findings for dose-response functions presented. Trends in pollutant emissions, ambient concentrations and changes in building damage over time are discussed and future predictions presented.. Procedures for estimating the economic implications are described and the consequences are discussed in detail, because economic factors are important for reaching policy and management decisions at local, national and international scales. An important part of the economic evaluation relies on having reliable estimates of theactual amounts of material that need to be considered - the stock at risk. This estimation is difficult for heritage materials, since the buildings and monuments involved are very varied in size, shape, age and composition. The most up to date studies are presented, with a number of case studies to show how this subject may be approached. Damage to cultural heritage buildings is an important effect of air pollution, which needs to be considered as current air quality standards, largely based on health effects, are revised. The factors which will need to be brought into the assessment, including potential ways to address the fact that there is no general consensus on what might be considered a tolerable or acceptable rate, are presented. Finally, a range of possible strategies and methods for conservation and maintenance, as required by building managers, is described and a number of case studies presented. This book combines the results of recent research with practical information and provides an important reference manual for researchers, policy makers, economists and historic building managers working in the field of cultural heritage protection.

Air -- Pollution. --- Buildings -- Protection. --- Weathering of buildings. --- Air --- Buildings --- Weathering of buildings --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Pollution --- Protection --- Protection. --- Building deterioration, External --- Building weathering --- Deterioration of buildings, External --- Building damage prevention --- Building protection --- Protection of buildings --- Weathering --- Damage prevention --- Environment. --- Cultural heritage. --- Regional planning. --- Urban planning. --- City planning. --- Building repair. --- Environmental management. --- Air pollution. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Cultural Heritage. --- Environmental Management. --- Urbanism. --- Building Repair and Maintenance. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Repair and reconstruction. --- Exterior walls --- Building failures --- Environmental protection. --- Architecture. --- Building construction. --- Regional development --- Regional planning --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Land use --- Planning --- City planning --- Landscape protection --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Government policy --- Design and construction --- Buildings—Repair and reconstruction. --- Building reconstruction --- Building renovation --- Building repair --- Reconstruction of buildings --- Remodeling of buildings --- Renovation of buildings --- Maintenance --- Repairing --- Architecture --- Cities and towns --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Reconstruction --- Remodeling --- Renovation --- Conservation and restoration --- Control